In this article the BBC explains the GCSE grading system, most people will be quite shocked at how low the actual grade boundaries are. I have attached the BBC article, as well as a link to the 2025 Edexcel Grade boundaries. This year maths students needed to gain just over 22% to score a Grade 4 pass in the Higher exam and 60% to score a Grade 4 pass in the Foundation exam.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/czrynxzvjneo
https://qualifications.pearson.com/content/dam/pdf/Support/Grade-boundaries/GCSE/grade-boundaries-june-2025-gcse.pdf